Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women all over the world, and the leading reason behind the high mortality rates is late detection. Early detection and treatment can help win the war against this disease, so one should learn to recognize these early warning signs of breast cancer: Swelling under the arm:  The lymph nodes in the neck or under the arm can suddenly become hard in case of breast cancer, but the hardening can also be a result of infections. If one notices this symptom, they should immediately consult a doctor for an early assessment. A doctor may also prescribe certain tests to determine the exact cause of the condition. Lumps:  Lumps in the breasts are among the most common early warning signs of breast cancer, and one must regularly conduct self-examination to check for them. Also, these lumps are painless, so one can only find them through a physical examination, and they require medical attention as soon as possible. A doctor may perform certain tests to confirm whether the lumps are cancerous and suggest a suitable treatment method. Changes in breast shape:  During the early stages of breast cancer, the structure of the breast can go through some changes.

Spinal muscular atrophy causes the nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain to break down, making it difficult for the body to use the muscles properly. The condition is most common among children, and there are only two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved gene therapy treatment options for spinal muscular atrophy. However, this condition can be managed through other methods as well: Nusinersen:  This gene therapy is used for both adults and children with spinal muscular atrophy. The treatment is used to modify the SMN2, one of the genes that is influenced by this disease. After the modification, the SMN2 gene can produce more protein. For this treatment, a drug is injected into the spinal cord fluid, and the process takes about 2 hours; and another injection is required after 4 months. This method slows down the progression of the disease and can make the patients stronger. According to studies, it helps around 40% of the patients. Onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi:  This is another effective gene therapy treatment option for spinal muscular atrophy and is used for children younger than 2 years. It is used to replace the defective SMN1 gene to treat the disease. For this treatment procedure, a catheter is inserted into a hand or arm vein to send an SMN gene copy into a targeted motor neuron cell group.

Melanocytes in our skin are the cells that produce melanin, which determines our skin, hair, and eye colors. The uncontrolled growth of these melanocytes results in a melanoma. Understanding the ways of prevention, symptoms, and treatment of melanoma will help you be prepared for it and treat it on time. Symptoms The first sign of melanoma is a new mole on your skin. If you already have a mole then it can change in appearance too. You can recognize the sign of melanoma by studying the moles closely. If the mole is cancerous then its borders will be ragged, it will have an asymmetrical shape, and its color will be uneven. If you want to recognize a changing or evolving mole then it is important that you are familiar with your existing ones. Another sign of melanoma is a bleeding mole, which may even itch. If you notice any of these signs, then contact your doctor without wasting any time. They’ll conduct the necessary tests to determine whether you have melanoma. Treatment Learning about the prevention, symptoms, and treatment of melanoma will help you to understand this condition better. So, you can recognize the symptoms early and opt for the treatment immediately.

The ovary is the part of a woman’s body where the eggs are produced, and ovarian cancer is the type of cancer that affects this organ. The early signs and key symptoms of ovarian cancer can be similar to other medical conditions, which makes the condition difficult to diagnose. Here are some signs and prominent symptoms of ovarian cancer that one should be aware of: Early signs During the initial stages of ovarian cancer, there would not likely be any symptoms that are easy to notice. However, as the disease progresses, it increases pressure on the uterus, bladder, and rectum. This is when most people first notice the symptoms, so it is important to be mindful of the early symptoms of ovarian cancer so that it can be diagnosed early. Bloating and cramping in the abdomen or pelvis can indicate the early stages of ovarian cancer, and one may also lose their appetite during this time. In some cases, people feel full just after eating a few morsels of food. If one is developing ovarian cancer, they may feel nauseated and experience indigestion, which can also lead to an upset stomach. If one feels a constant pressure on their pelvis or lower back and has to urinate frequently, it can indicate ovarian cancer.

Sleep apnea is a severe disorder that results in multiple breathing interruptions when one is asleep. Although it is a common condition, sleep apnea can be a serious issue and can also lead to health complications like heart disease and type 2 diabetes if left untreated. Read on to understand the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea: Signs in adults Among adults, loud snoring is one of the most common signs of this sleep disorder. People may often say that the patient’s breathing stops at times while they are asleep. Also, the condition can lead to a person suddenly waking up in the middle of the night due to shortness of breath. When they wake up suddenly, they may gasp for air or experience choking. Additionally, patients may develop dry mouth when they wake up as most people with the condition tend to breathe through their mouths. One may also experience a sore throat or wake up with a heavy head if they have sleep apnea. Sleep apnea often results in insomnia, a medical condition that results in sleep interruptions as one cannot fall or stay asleep. Another sign of sleep apnea is hypersomnia, which makes one feel extremely sleepy during the day.